The Temptation of Winter Sonata
Contents
Ⅰ. “Couple’s Sweet Hearts are their Best House”
Ⅱ. The Outline of Winter Sonata
Ⅲ. Four Enchantments of Winter Sonata
A. Attractive Characters
B. The Gorgeous Actors and Actresses
C. Attractive Music
D. Attractive Lines
1. Poetic Words
2. Fatalistic Words
3. Philosophical Words
Ⅰ. “Couples’ Sweet Hearts are their Best Home”
Do you know
“Winter Love Song,” which is called “Winter Sonata” in
It is a Korean TV drama which is now very popular in
BS (Broadcast Satellite) 1 by NHK in the middle of the night last year and gained explosive
popularity among many middle-aged Japanese women. In particular, the leading actor Bae
Yong-Joon’s popularity is so superb that he is called Yong-Sama. (“Sama” in Japanese is the
highest honorific expression such as Shogun-Sama.) In spite of such a noble title, the leading
actor Bae Yong-Joon probably would not be happy to be called Yong-Sama because that title is
too polite to apply to the man in the street. In that case, why do the mass media call Bae
Yong-Joon Yong-Sama on purpose? The attitude of the press, particularly that of TV seems to
be unfavorable to him.
This attitude should be analyzed here. In the writer’s opinion, the way of calling Bae
Yong-Joon Yong-Sama seems to contain two negative connotations: caricature and discrimination.
The former negative connotation is likely to be held not by women but by men. The average
Japanese man is simply wondering why Japanese women are mad about Bae Yong-Joon. They
may also wonder why Japanese women do not realize
there are many attractive men in
well as in
like a man whose wife was cuckolded by non-Japanese males. As a matter of fact, many Japanese
men do not seem to have watched Winter Sonata yet. If they watch “Winter Sonata,” they will
immediately understand why Bae Yong-Joon is so popular among women. The writer, who is a male,
can declare that no other men in
attractive as Kang Jung-Sang and Lee Min-Hyung, the part of whom Bae Yong-Joon plays. The
writer hopes that as many men as possible should watch “Winter Sonata,” and after watching
“Winter Sonata,” it may be acceptable that they can call Bae Yong-Joon Yong-Sama if they want to
do so.
The latter negative connotation seems to have been caused by discrimination against Koreans as
Kwon Yong-Seok wrote in Newsweek (the
women in
of inferiority about their disgusting old Japanese and Korean history. Anyway, many Japanese men
are not favorably disposed toward the Korean actor. As a result, they look down on the female fans of
Bae Yong-Joon by saying that most his fans are oba-chan (middle-aged ladies). Many of them certainly
are middle-aged women, but they include not only oba-chan but also younger women in their thirties.
Bae Yong-Joon’s fans range from twenties to seventies. Furthermore, many male fans are also
contained among Yong-Joon’s fans. The writer confesses that he is one of them. However, it is true
that there are many Bae Yong-Joon’s male fans that remain in hiding. However some TV personalities
take critical attitudes toward Bae Yong-Joon. One day one of them said on TV that Bae Yong-Joon
has not fallen in popularity yet. This unconcerned comment hints at something malicious. What in
the world does he expect about him? It appears to him that he is expecting a decline in the popularity
of Bae Yong-Joon.
The main cause of the discrimination against Winter Sonata and Bae Yong-Joon is nothing but
the discrimination against
before through the Soccer World Cup and today’s
“Hang Ryu Boom (the Korean boom in
but the discrimination against Koreans living in
males sill continue to discriminate against Koreans, but Japanese women have constructed “houses”
in which there is no discrimination by appreciating “Winter Sonata.” In the drama Min-Hyung asked
Yu-Jin, “What type of house do you want to live in when you get married?” Then Yu-Jin answered
his question, “To those who love each other, their hearts are the best house.” (Winter Sonata, the
first volume,
without any discrimination” in couples’ sweet homes. “Winter Sonata” is sure to be useful for building
friendly relationships between
Ⅱ. The Outline of the Story of Winter Sonata
Kang Jun-Sang, a transfer high school student, entered The First Senior High
School at Chuncheon. His character was gloomy and offensive, and never laughed. In particular, he
seemed to have hostile feelings against Kim Sung-Hyeok, the class president, who was the only son
of Kim Jin-Woo. Jung Sang came to Chuncheon in order to make sure of the relationship between
Kim Jin-Woo and himself because he was an illegitimate child.
Kang Jun-Sang entered the broadcasting club at the senior high school. There he met five members
of the club: Chung Yoo-Jin, Kim Sung-Hyeok, Oh Che-Lin, Keown Jin-Sook and Keown Yong-Kok. All
of them would become Kang Jun-Sang’s lifelong friends later. Kang Mi-Hee, Kang Jun-Sang’s mother,
would not disclose to him the name of his father when Chun-Sang asked who his father was, and she
just said that his father had died. That was why Kang Jun-Sang came to Chuncheon in order to make
sure who his father was.
While Kang Jun-Sang had been doing club activities with the other members, various human r
elationships were formed. First, Oh Che-Lin got to like him unrequitedly. Kim Sung-Hyeok had loved
Chung Yoo-Jin since his childhood. However, Chung Yoo-Jin fell in love with Kang Jun-Sang, and
Kang Jun-Sang came to fall in love with Chung Yoo-Jin. They became deeply in love with each other.
Keown Jin-Sook and Keown Yong-Kok, who always helped Kang Jun-Sang and Chung Yoo-Jin, were
good friends. Although Kim Sung-Hyeok was jealous of Kang Jun-Sang, the love relationship between
Chun-Sang and Yoo-Jin was getting more and more deeply involved. On the last snowy day of the
year when they promised to date, his friends were told that Kang Jun-Sang was killed in a traffic
accident. His friends held a funeral for him on the edge of a lake, for they could not attend the funeral
held in distant
Ten years passed since the sad private funeral for Chung-Sang had been held by the senior high
students. Yu-Jin worked at Polaris, a construction company. Kim Sung-Hyeok was a director of a radio
station. Keown Jin-Sook was a veterinarian, and Keown Yong-Kok was unemployed. Talking of Oh
Che-Lin, she returned to
an unbelievable thing with her then. This ‘thing’ will be referred to later.
Within ten years, Kim Sung-Hyeok and Chung Yoo-Jin became engaged. An incident happened
on the very day of their engagement ceremony. Chung Yoo-Jin thought she saw Kang Jun Sang on a
street corner. The man was just like Kang Jun-Sang, who had died ten years ago. While she was
chasing the man, she completely forgot the ceremony. As a result, she caused trouble for Kim
Sung-Hyeok and his family. As a natural result, her mother was also inconvenienced. Particularly,
Park Chung, Kim Sung-Hyeok’s mother, wore a look of annoyance because she was not enthusiastic
about their marriage from the beginning.
Let’s go back to the story told some time ago. What did Oh Che-Lin bring back with her? That is
to say, it was a man. His name was Lee Min-Hyung, and he was like that dead Knag Jun-Sang.
Che-Lin introduced Min-Hyung to her friends and
said that she had met him in
added that he was a completely different person although he was like a picture of Kang Jun-Sang.
All the friends of Che-Lin could not help agreeing to her explanation, and Yoo-Jin was also
convinced that the man she met on the street corner was Lee Min-Hyung.
Yoo-Jin was working at the above-mentioned company, Polaris. It was given an order from
Marcian Co., Ltd. As a matter of fact, the director of the company was Lee Min-Hyung. Needless to
say, Yoo-Jin was surprised to see Lee Min-Hyung when she visited Marcian on business. The
relations between the two were getting deeper and deeper through business. The following fact
was not clearly told in the drama, but Kang Jun-Sang was not killed in the traffic accident. He,
Lee Min-Hyung, completely lost his memory because of the traffic accident. Therefore, he did not
know at all that he had been Knag Jun-Sang. At Chun-Sang’s mother’s request, a doctor of
hypnotherapy had transplanted into him another memory, completely different from that of Kang
Jun-Sang. His new memory was that his father was dead, and that he had been born and raised in
the
Kang Jun-Sang, a man of her first love.
Meanwhile, relations between Sung-Hyeok and Yoo-Jin shook uneasily like a boat tossed
about by the wind and waves because Yoo-Jin’s heart was always unstable. To make the matter
worse, Oh Che-Lin became jealous over Yoo-Jin and Keown Yong-Kok did not know how to help
Sung-Hyeok and Che-Lin, and felt antipathy against Min-Hyung.
Lee Min-Hyung, however, began to examine whether there was someone who resembled him.
One of the reasons was that Kang Mi-Hee would not answer her son’s question asking who his real
father was. At last, he visited The First Senior High School at Chuncheon so as to read the school
register, and succeeded in obtaining Kang Jun-Sang’s address. When he entered the house, he found
Mi-Hee there, and he believed firmly that he was Kang Jun-Sang. Both Sung-Hyeok and Che-Lin
knew that fact later. It was just Yu-Jin who did not know the fact that Lee Min-Hyung was Kang
Jun-Sang.
Kang Jun-Sang came to know a lot about his birth,
and so he was going to have for the
after deciding to separate from Yoo-Jin. On the
day when Min-Hyung was leaving
handed her a tape as a present. The tape contained a piece of information which was enough to
show that he was Kang Jun-Sang. Yoo-Jin ran after him instantly. When she found Min-Hyung and
ran out into a road, a truck was about to run over her. Scarcely had Min-Hyung looked at Yoo-Jin
before he ran out into the road in order to save her. However, Mi-Hyung was knocked over by the
truck for Yoo-Jin. The condition of Min-Hyung’s health got still worse because of his second traffic
accident. In reality, he was exposed to the danger of blindness or death. Neither of the couple knew
that fact. They had already agreed to get married. They had become impossible to separate from each
other. When they were about to marry, however, an unbelievable fact was found.
According to Kang Mi-Hee, Kang Jun Sang was the son of Chun Hyon-Soo, who was Yoo-Jin’s
father. The situation of the drama became completely mad. Although the way of saying it was a little
nasty, it was that they called incestuous. As a matter of course, Chun-Sang and Yu-Jin were not in the
condition where they could get married. So, Chun-Sang decided to separate from Yoo-Jin and leave
for the
bad.
Kim Jin-Woo had some doubts about Kang Mi-Hee’s attitude. He wondered if Chung-Sang was
truly Chung Hyon-Soo’s son as she had said. While Jin-Woo had been looking after Min-Hyung in
hospital, he asked the doctor to do an examination to confirm the biological ties between parent and
child. According to it, it became clear that Jin-Woo and Jun-Sang were true father and son, and that
Sung-Hyeok was his younger brother born of a different mother. While Kang Mi-Hee was young, she
had been betrayed by Chung Hyon-Soo and had tried to throw herself into the lake. Kim Jin-Woo,
one of Mi-Hee’s friends, saved her life. Then Mi-Hee became pregnant, but she would like to bring up
the baby as Hyon-Soo’s child because she did not love Jin-Woo. Mi-Hee would not confess the truth
even after Chun-Sang had lost his memory. It might have been her vindictiveness as a woman that
she had insisted obstinately that Chun-Sang was the son of Chung Hyon-Soo.
Although Chun-Sang and Yu-Jin turned out not to be siblings, they were not in the mental
condition to get married. An aftereffect of Chun-Sang’s traffic injury took a turn of the worse. He was
almost losing his visual power. He should have an
operation urgently. So, he decided to fly to
study in
to return Yoo-Jin to Min-Hyung. After considering,
Sung-Hyeok handed a boarding card for
Since Chun-Sang had gone to the
years had passed. Sung-Hyeok and Yoo-Jin returned to their country after finishing studying abroad.
Keown Jin-Sook and Keown Yong-Kok had already gotten married and had a baby. However,
Sung-Hyeok and Yoo-Jin had not gotten married yet. One day when Yoo-Jin visited Polaris, she was
shown a picture of a house which was planned by Yoo-Jin. Min-Hyung once said that it was a house
impossible to build because of its cost. Having a look at the picture, Yoo-Jin wondered who was living
in the house. So, she tried to visit it, and she was surprised to find Lee Min-Hyung, who had completely
lost his eyesight. He built that impossible house that Yoo-Jin had planned and changed the impossible
into the possible. He was certainly staying there.
“Yoo-Jin” “Chun-Sang!” Winter Sonata (the original title: Winter Love Song) is finished with the
couple’s calls.
Ⅲ. Four
Enchantments of Winter Sonata
A. Attractive Characters
It is often said that no dramas have minor parts: in other words, all the parts are as important as
the leading ones. Shakespeare’s dramas are good examples. His dramas such as The Merchant of Venice
or Romeo and Juliet do not have any unimportant roles. All the parts in his dramas are linked together
like spider’s threads and complementary each other. Winter Sonata is the same to Shakespeare’s dramas.
Each part is originally connected with each other and shows its individuality in the drama.
Needless to say, Kang Jun-Sang (Lee Mig-Hyung) and Chung Yoo-Jin are the most important
characters in the drama. Kang Jun-Sang and Lee Mig-Hyung is the same person. (Bae Yong-Joon plays
the dual parts.) Kang Jun-Sang, who changes his name into Lee Mig-Hyung later, falls in love with
Chung Yoo-Jin. This is their first love. However, their love did not attain its objective because Kang
Jun-Sang was killed in the traffic accident. Ten years later, Yoo-Jin meets Lee Mig-Hyung, who was
introduced by Oh Che-Lin. All the classmates are astonished to see Lee Mig-Hyung, for he is Kan
Jun-Sang’s double. Although Chun Yoo-Jin goes on loving both Kang Jun-Sang and Lee Mig-Hyung,
she is thwarted in love by various types of obstacles because she does not know they are the same person.
There is another important character, Kim Sung-Hyeok, who is played by Park Yong-Ha. Kim
Sung-Hyeok and Chung Yoo-Jin are childhood friends. Sung-Hyeok loves Yoo-Jin seriously, but she
loves Kang Jun-Sang more than Kim Sung-Hyeok. Once Sung-Hyeok gets engaged to Yoo-Jin, he is
always afraid that Yoo-Jin may be taken by Lee Min-Hyung because Yoo-Jin’s heart always drifts
between Sung-Hyeok and Mig-Hyung. Another attractive character is Oh Che-Lin, who is played by
Park Sol-Mi. She is one of the classmates and has been a rival in love for Yoo-Jin since their high school
days. Oh Che-Lin is a beautiful girl, but her character is dishonest. She is described as a woman like a
little demon but a pitiful girl in the drama. Although she becomes a love of Lee Min-Hyung for a while,
she fails to win Min-Hyung’s heart. She is always in discord with Yoo-Jin for struggling for Min-Hyung.
You will notice that love triangles play an important role in the drama. A love triangle among
Min-Hyung, Sung-Hyeok and Yoo-Jin and another among Min-Hyung, Che-Lin and Yoo-Jin make the
drama much more stimulating
Next, the relationships to the parents of Min-Hyung, Sung-Hyeok and Yoo-Jin are extremely
complicated. The most important person in the relationship is Kang Mi-Hi. It is not too much to say that
she holds the key to the development of this drama. She bears Kang Jun-Sang as an illegitimate child,
and tells a grotesque untruth that he is a child of Chung Hyon-Soo, who is Chung Yoo-Jin’s father.
(This causes unbelievable things later.) However, Kang Jun-Sang’s real father is Kim Jin-Woo, who is
Kim Sung-Hyeok’s father. To tell the truth, they are half brothers. In this way, the first love of Kang
Jun-Sang and Chung Yoo-Jin is tossed about by their parents’ words and deeds.
Finally, we should keep our eyes on other characters. For example, a deputy manager Kim works
under Lee Min-Hyung. He is a warm-hearted person, Min-Hyung’s confidant and always supporting him.
Next, Lee Jung-A is a female superior of Yoo-Jin, who is working for Polaris Co., Ltd. She is a frank
woman and stands by Yoo-Jin. Her hobby is fortune-telling by the tarot. In the drama, a tarot card
which she chooses gives a hint of the fate of Min-Hyung and Yoo-Jin. The tarot becomes a weapon which
makes the drama more sophisticated. Lastly Yoo, Sung-Hyeok’s older graduate from his senior high
school, is a kindhearted person. When Sung-Hyeok, who is a producer of a radio station, suggested a
concert of his radio program on a skiing ground, he readily agreed to Sung-Hyeok’s proposal, although
he realized that the concert would be held for Sung-Hyeok’s private purpose. In fact, he made serious
efforts to let it be successful. All the three characters, Kim, Jung-A and Yoo, have softhearted
personalities which are hard to hate, and their existence acts as a buffer to soften the excessive
seriousness of the drama.
Similarly, Keown Yong-Kok and Keown Jin-Sook, the classmates of Min-Hyung and Yoo-Jin, are
nice persons although they are a little easy. They mainly take Sung-Hyeok’s side. The couple’s support
seems to balance Kim Sung-Hyeok with Kang Jun-Sang, for Yoo-Jin’s yearning for Kang Jun-Sang is
too much strong.
Keown Yong-Kok and Keown Jin-Sook, the classmates of Min-Hyung and Yoo-Jin, are also nice
people although they are a little less serious. They mainly take Sung-Hyeok’s side, but their support
seems to balance Kim Sung-Hyeok with Kang Jun-Sang, for Yoo-Jin’s yearning for Kang Jun-Sang is
stronger than that of Sung-Hyeok.
The writer stated at the beginning that every role in a drama has important roles. In other
words, there are no parts that are unnecessary. The colleague, boss and friends who are generally
called supporting roles, are all important too. Thanks to them, the degrees of amusement of Winter
Sonata are promoted. As a result, the popularity of the leading characters becomes more outstanding,
which seems to be just what the scriptwriters intended.
B. The
Gorgeous Actors and Actresses
As the writer stated in the first chapter of this essay, Bae Yong-Joon is now one of the most popular
actors in
attitudes toward his fans promote his popularity. Park Yong-Ha, who plays
Kim Sung-Hyeok, is as
popular in
“Keio Sky Liner” for the purpose of the fan service, and the three hundred fans chosen out of three
thousand people were invited on the trains. Like that there was a woman in her seventies among them,
the age bracket of Park Yong-Ha’s fans must be wide. So he seems to have seized all ages of Japanese
women’s support. Speaking of actress, Choi Ji-Woo is one of the most popular Korean actresses in
admit that she is a beautiful woman. Another character Park Sol-Mi is an actress with a great deal of
personality. She is also beautiful, whose beauty is different from that of Choi Ji-Woo. The writer hears
that there are many fans of Park Sol-Mi, but it is
likely that she has not been to
conclusion, the charms of Korean actors and actresses are not only external but also internal. They
are endowed with spiritual beauty as well as a beautiful appearance. Various kinds of virtues like
thoughtfulness, courtesy, honesty and responsibility are inlayed in the drama accompanied by
passionate love. Unhappily, however, most of them
seem to be lost today in
C. Attractive music
The soundtracks of Winter Sonata have a good reputation. Every piece of tune matches with
each scene of the drama. For example, the opening music is From the Beginning till Now
(Saisho-Kara-Imamade), the melody of which expresses the plaintive atmosphere which Winter
Sonata has. Furthermore, the lyrics of the music express the theme of the drama on the whole.
As a result, TV viewers can put their hopes in the drama by listening to the opening music every
time. On the other hand, The Beginning (Hajimari) is often used so as to express the situation which
converts scenes from a melancholic atmosphere to an easy one. Additionally, My Memory seems to
be useful for changing scenes in connection with the progress of the drama. Finally, the piano music
For the First Time (Hajimete) is usually used in the most serious scene in the drama because it is like
a signature tune which penetrates the whole theme of the drama. Ryu, a famous Korean male singer,
sings other excellent songs, which are Don’t Forget (Wasurenaide), A Love (Koibito) and A Violet
( Sumire). The husky voice of Ryu, who sings many songs in the drama, goes very well with the image
of Winter Sonata and his songs have greatly improved the quality of the drama.
D. Attractive Lines
A lot of impressive words are inlayed in Winter Sonata. Some of them are poetic, fatalistic and
even philosophical. These words may be born from a way of thinking which cannot be found in
Japanese people. Some marvelous words are collected in the chapter.
1. Poetic Words
“White” is the basic color of the drama. It is also Chun-Sang’s favorite color. Chun-Sang and
Yoo-Jin sometimes have snowball fights (yuki-gassen). The snow scenes in Chuncheon are particularly
beautiful, so they are used in the drama many times. Chun-Sang and Yoo-Jin make a couple of
snowmen by the lake in Chuncheon. After that, they put them on a wooden table and make them kiss.
They also kiss each other for the first time later. Their first kiss is a heartwarming and romantic
experience.
The first snowfall of the season (hatsu-yuki) sounds romantic too. According to the drama, it
brings us a happy event. Furthermore, all the words with which Chun-Sang answers Yoo-Jin’s
questions are all romantic. Yoo-Jin asks him. What is your favorite color? White! What is your
favorite season? Winter! What is your favorite food? I like everything, but Toppokki (a kind of Korean
Food)! … What is your favorite flower? White lilies! What are your favorite animals? Human beings!
Human beings? Who?? I will tell you when you come here on December 31. What a wonderful
conversation it is! Of course, their favorite
animals are Chun-Sang and Yoo-Jin.
2. Fatalistic Words
The deputy manager Kim says to himself that he can’t understand Lee Min-Hyung, who likes to
do a jigsaw puzzle. Then Chung Yoo-Jin replies to his monologue, “A man who likes to do a jigsaw
puzzle seems to have a lot of things to recall.” Yoo-Jin’s happy tune of phrase hints the theme of the
drama which deals with “loss of memory.” There is a scene in which Yoo-Jin finds and fits a piece of
the jigsaw puzzle which Min-Hyung has lost. These words and deeds of Yoo-Jin at the beginning of
the drama suggest the most fatal aspect of the drama.
The tarot is also used as one of the fatalistic properties in the drama. Jung-A like to tell others’
fortunes by using the tarot. A tarot card Min-Hyung has chosen suggests his fate. That is, the card
tells him who his most important person is. The tarot is used skillfully in the drama in order to
direct the fatal love between Chun-Sang and
Yoo-Jin.
3. Philosophical Words
Yoo-Jin happens to meet Lee Min-Hyung on the evening of her engagement ceremony. He
looks like Kang Jun-Sang so much that Yoo-Jin is greatly shocked. The explanatory words at that
time in the novel are “She felt as if she lost a lot of meaning to live from now and be living now.”
Yoo-Jin and Chun-Sang’s first love is so serious as to ask the meaning of their lives.
Where is the place of a shadow which appears in the drama? The answer is the land of the
dead. The description of the place of a shadow is even religious. They often play a game to step on
their shadows in their high school days, and Yoo-Jin also does the same act ten years later. The
feeling to see a person who went into the place of a shadow is the serious hope which bereaved
people have. When Lee Min-Hyung said, “The best present for the dead is not tears but to forget
him,” Yoo-Jin responds with anger, “Do you understand the feeling of a person whose love has
suddenly disappeared? Although everything has not changed at all, do you understand the feeling
of a person whose dearest only has vanished? I suppose that you (Lee Min-Hyung) do not
understand it at all. Why is it wrong that I feel sorry for the dead?” In fact, however, the dead
means nothing but Lee Min-Hyung. Their first love is described realistically between the land
of the dead and the living.
In the scene on the ski ground, Min-Hyung says to Yoo-Jin from behind grasping her small
shoulder, “Please step forward from right to left, right to left… Do you know what a pile of these
steps will become? The answer is time. What philosophical words these are! Through these words
Min-Hyung shows Yoo-Jin that it needs time to recover her damaged heart. Also, the theory of
time is one of the important themes of Winter Sonata.
Appendix
★ The Main Actress and Actresses of Winter Sonata
1. Bae Yong-Joon ペ・ヨンジュン (plays Kang Jun-Sang and Lee Min-Hyung)
2. Choi Ji-Woo チェ・ジウ (plays Chung Yoo-Jin)
3. Park Yong-Ha パク・ヨンハ (plays Kim Sing-Hyeok)
4. Park Sol-Mi パク・ソルミ (plays Oh Che-Lin)
5. Ryu Seung-Su リュ・スンス (plays Keown Yong-Kok)
6. Lee Hye-Eun イ・ヘウン (plays Keown Jin-Sook)
7.
Gweon
Hae-Hyo グォン・ヘヒョ (plays a deputy manager Kim)
★ The Main Characters of Winter
Sonata
1. Kang Jun-Sang カン・ジュンサン
2. Lee Min-Hyung イ・ミニョン
3. Kang Mi-Hee カン・ミヒ (Chun-Sang’s mother)
4. Chung Yoo-Jin チョン・ユジン
5. Chung Hyon-Soo チョン・ヒョンス (Yoo-Jin’s father)
6. Chung Hee-Jin チョン・ヒジン (Yoo-Jin’s sister)
7. Kim Sung-Hyeok キム・サンヒョク
8. Kim Jin-Woo キム・ジヌ (Sung Hyeok’s father)
9. Park Chung パク・チヨン (Sung Hyeok’s mother)
10. Oh Che-Lin オー・チェリン (A classmate of Chung-Sang and Yoo-Jin)
11. Keown Yong-Kok グォン・ヨングク (do.)
12. Kewon Jin-Sook コン・ジンスク (do.)
13. Lee Jun-A イ・ジョンア (Yoo-Jin’s boss)
14. Yoo ユ (Sung-Hyeok’s senior at the senior high)
15. Soon-Ryeon スンリョン (Yoo-Jin’s colleague at work)
★ Notes
1. Chun-Sang and Jun-Sang are the same chracter.
2. Some of English spellings of Korean proper nouns in this essay may not be correct. If any
mistakes are found, the writer hopes that his readers will give him right English spellings.
3. Additionally, Korean proper names are written in katakan